what was the first simon and garfunkel song to reach number 1 in the us

American folk music duo

Simon & Garfunkel
Fine art Garfunkel (left) and Paul Simon performing in Dublin, 1982
Groundwork information
Too known as	Tom & Jerry (1956–1964)
Origin	New York Metropolis, New York, U.S.
Genres	Folk stone[1]
Years agile	1956–1970 1972 1975–1977 1981–1984 1990 1993 2003–2005 2007–2010
Labels	Columbia
Website	simonandgarfunkel.com
Past members	Paul Simon Art Garfunkel

Simon & Garfunkel were an American folk rock duo consisting of singer-songwriter Paul Simon and singer Art Garfunkel. They were one of the all-time-selling music groups of the 1960s, and their biggest hits—including "The Sound of Silence" (1965), "Mrs. Robinson" (1968), "The Boxer" (1969), and "Bridge over Troubled H2o" (1970)—reached number one on singles charts worldwide.

Simon and Garfunkel met in elementary schoolhouse in Queens, New York, in 1953, where they learned to harmonize and began writing songs. In 1957, under the name Tom & Jerry, the teenagers had their starting time pocket-size success with "Hey Schoolgirl", a vocal imitating their idols, the Everly Brothers. In 1963, aware of a growing public interest in folk music, they regrouped and were signed to Columbia Records every bit Simon & Garfunkel. Their debut, Wednesday Morning time, 3 A.K., sold poorly; Simon returned to a solo career, this time in England. In June 1965, a new version of "The Sound of Silence" overdubbed with electric guitar and drums became a U.s. AM radio striking, reaching number one on the Billboard Hot 100. The duo reunited to release a second studio album, Sounds of Silence, and bout colleges nationwide. On their third release, Parsley, Sage, Rosemary and Thyme (1966), they causeless more creative control. Their music was featured in the 1967 film The Graduate, giving them further exposure. Their next album Bookends (1968) topped the Billboard 200 chart^[two] and included the number-one single "Mrs. Robinson" from the pic.

Simon and Garfunkel had a troubled relationship, leading to artistic disagreements and their breakup in 1970. Their final studio album, Bridge over Troubled Water, was released that January, condign one of the world'due south best-selling albums. After their breakup, Simon released a number of acclaimed albums, including 1986'south Graceland.^[3] Garfunkel released solo hits such as "All I Know" and briefly pursued an acting career, with leading roles in the Mike Nichols films Grab-22 and Carnal Cognition and in Nicolas Roeg'southward 1980 Bad Timing. The duo take reunited several times; their 1981 concert in Cardinal Park attracted more than 500,000 people, one of the largest concert attendances in history.^{[4] [5]}

Simon & Garfunkel won x Grammy Awards and were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1990.^[6] Richie Unterberger described them as "the virtually successful folk-rock duo of the 1960s" and 1 of the virtually popular artists from the decade.^[1] They are amid the best-selling music artists, having sold more than 100 million records.^[7] They were ranked 40th on Rolling Rock's 2010 listing of the Greatest Artists of All Fourth dimension^[eight] and tertiary on its list of the greatest duos.^[ix]

History [edit]

1953–1956: Early years [edit]

Paul Simon and Art Garfunkel grew up in the 1940s and 1950s in their predominantly Jewish neighborhood of Kew Gardens Hills in Queens, New York, three blocks away from one some other. They attended the same schools: Public School 164 in Kew Gardens Hills, Parsons Inferior Loftier School, and Forest Hills Loftier Schoolhouse.^{[x] [11]} They were both fascinated past music; both listened to the radio and were taken with stone and curlicue as information technology emerged, peculiarly the Everly Brothers.^[12] Simon first noticed Garfunkel when Garfunkel was singing in a 4th form talent testify, which Simon thought was a good way to attract girls; he hoped for a friendship, which started in 1953, when they appeared in a 6th grade accommodation of Alice in Wonderland.^{[11] [13]} They formed a streetcorner doo-wop group called the Peptones with three friends and learned to harmonize.^{[14] [15]} They began performing as a duo at school dances.^[16]

Simon and Garfunkel moved to Woods Hills High Schoolhouse,^[17] where in 1956 they wrote their first song, "The Daughter for Me"; Simon's father sent a handwritten copy to the Library of Congress to register a copyright.^[16] While trying to call up the lyrics to the Everly Brothers song "Hey Doll Infant", they wrote "Hey Schoolgirl", which they recorded for $25 at Sanders Recording Studio in Manhattan.^[18] While recording they were overheard by promoter Sid Prosen, who signed them to his independent label Large Records later speaking to their parents. They were both xv.^[19]

1957–1964: From Tom & Jerry and early recordings [edit]

1957 publicity photo of Simon & Garfunkel as Tom & Jerry

Under Large Records, Simon and Garfunkel causeless the name Tom & Jerry; Garfunkel named himself Tom Graph, a reference to his interest in mathematics, and Simon Jerry Landis, after the surname of a daughter he had dated. Their commencement single, "Hey Schoolgirl", was released with the B-side "Dancin' Wild" in 1957.^{[thirteen] [20]} Prosen, using the payola system, bribed DJ Alan Freed $200 to play the single on his radio prove, where it became a nightly staple.^[21] "Hey Schoolgirl" attracted regular rotation on nationwide AM pop stations, leading it to sell over 100,000 copies and to land on Billboard 's charts at number 49.^[21] Prosen promoted the grouping heavily, getting them a headlining spot on Dick Clark's American Bandstand aslope Jerry Lee Lewis.^[22] Simon and Garfunkel shared approximately $4,000 from the song – earning two percent each from royalties, the residual staying with Prosen.^[23] They released two more singles on Big Records ("Our Song" and "That's My Story") neither of them successful.^{[18] [24] [25]}

After graduating from Forest Hills Loftier School in 1958,^[26] the pair continued their pedagogy should a music career non unfold. Simon studied English at Queens Higher, Metropolis University of New York, and Garfunkel studied compages before switching to art history at Columbia College, Columbia University.^{[20] [27] [28]} While still with Big Records as a duo, Simon released a solo single, "True or False", nether the name "True Taylor".^[23] This upset Garfunkel, who regarded it equally a betrayal; the emotional tension from the incident occasionally surfaced throughout their relationship.^[29]

Simon and Garfunkel continued recording equally solo artists: Garfunkel composed and recorded "Private World" for Octavia Records, and—under the name Artie Garr—"Beat Love" for Warwick; Simon recorded with the Mystics and Tico and the Triumphs, and wrote and recorded under the names Jerry Landis and Paul Kane.^{[24] [29] [30]} Simon also wrote and performed demos for other artists, working for a while with Carole King and Gerry Goffin.^{[24] [31]}

Afterwards graduating in 1963, Simon joined Garfunkel, who was still at Columbia University, to perform again as a duo, this time with a shared interest in folk music.^{[32] [30]} Simon enrolled role-time in Brooklyn Law School.^[33] By tardily 1963, billing themselves every bit Kane & Garr, they performed at Gerde'southward Folk City, a Greenwich club that hosted Monday night open up mic performances.^[34] They performed three new songs—"Sparrow", "He Was My Brother", and "The Sound of Silence"—and attracted the attending of Columbia Records staffer Tom Wilson, a prominent A&R man and producer (who would later on become a primal architect of Bob Dylan's transition from folk to rock).^{[35] [36]} As a "star producer" for the label, he wanted to record "He Was My Brother" with a new British human action, the Pilgrims.^[37] Simon convinced Wilson to let him and Garfunkel audience in the studio, where they performed "The Audio of Silence". At Wilson's urging, Columbia signed them.^[37]

Simon & Garfunkel'southward debut studio album, Midweek Morning, three A.Yard., produced by Wilson, was recorded over three sessions in March 1964 and released in Oct.^[38] It contains five compositions by Simon, iii traditional folk songs, and 4 folk-influenced singer-songwriter songs.^{[ clarification needed ] [38]} Simon was determined that they would no longer use stage names.^[39] Columbia fix up a promotional showcase at Folk Metropolis on March 31, 1964, the duo'due south showtime public concert equally Simon & Garfunkel.^[39]

1964–1965: Simon in England; Garfunkel in college [edit]

Wednesday Morning, 3 A.Thousand. sold only 3,000 copies on release. Simon moved to England,^[forty] where he toured minor folk clubs and befriended folk artists such as Bert Jansch, Martin Carthy, Al Stewart, and Sandy Denny.^{[41] [42] [43]} He also met Kathy Chitty, who became the object of his affection and is the Kathy in "Kathy's Song" and "America".^[44]

A small music publishing company, Lorna Music, licensed "Carlos Dominguez", a single Simon had recorded two years prior as Paul Kane, for a cover by Val Doonican that sold well.^[45] Simon visited Lorna to give thanks them, and the coming together resulted in a publishing and recording contract. He signed to the Oriole label and released "He Was My Brother" equally a unmarried.^[45] Simon invited Garfunkel to stay for the summer of 1964.^[45]

Most the stop of the flavor, Garfunkel returned to Columbia for grade.^[46] Simon as well returned to the Us, and resumed his studies at Brooklyn Law School for i semester, partially at his parents' insistence. He returned to England in Jan 1965, at present certain that music was his calling.^[47] In the concurrently, his landlady, Judith Piepe, had compiled a tape from his work at Lorna and sent information technology to the BBC in hopes they would play it.^[47] The demos aired on the V to Ten morning time show, and were instantly successful. Oriole had folded into CBS by that betoken, and hoped to record a new Simon album.^[48]

Simon recorded his first solo anthology, The Paul Simon Songbook, in June 1965, featuring future Simon & Garfunkel staples including "I Am a Rock" and "Apr Come up She Will". CBS flew Wilson over to produce the record, and he stayed at Simon's apartment.^[48] The album was released in August; although sales were poor, Simon felt content with his time to come in England.^[49] Garfunkel graduated in 1965, returning to Columbia Academy to exercise a primary's caste in mathematics.^{[28] [50]}

1965–1966: Mainstream breakthrough and success [edit]

In the Usa, Dick Summertime, a late-night DJ at WBZ in Boston, played "The Sound of Silence"; it became popular with a higher audience.^[51] It was picked upwardly the adjacent 24-hour interval forth the East Coast of the U.s.a.. When Wilson heard about this new moving ridge of interest, he took inspiration from the success of the folk-stone hybrid that he had created with Dylan in "Like a Rolling Stone" and crafted a stone remix of "Sound of Silence" using studio musicians.^[52] The remix was issued in September 1965, and it eventually reached the Billboard Hot 100.^[53] Wilson did not inform the duo of his program, and Simon was "horrified" when he showtime heard it.^[53]

By January 1966, "The Sound of Silence" had topped the Hot 100, selling over ane meg copies.^[54] Simon reunited with Garfunkel in New York, leaving Chitty and his friends in England behind. CBS demanded a new anthology to exist called Sounds of Silence to ride the wave of the hitting.^[55] Recorded in three weeks and consisting of rerecorded songs from The Paul Simon Songbook plus 4 new tracks, Sounds of Silence was rush-released in mid-January 1966, peaking at number 21 Billboard Top LPs chart.^[56] A week later, "Homeward Spring" was released equally a single, entering the USA top ten, followed by "I Am a Rock" peaking at number three.^[56] The duo supported the recordings with a nationwide tour of the US including a performance during the starting time Jump Weekend of the Academy of Massachusetts Boston where the duo was the headline act.^[57] CBS continued its promotion by re-releasing Wednesday Morning, 3 A.M., which charted at number 30.^[58] Despite the success, the duo was derided by some critics equally a manufactured imitation of folk music.^[56]

Since they considered The Sounds of Silence a "rush job" to capitalize on their sudden success, Simon & Garfunkel spent more fourth dimension crafting the follow-up. It was the first time Simon insisted on total command in aspects of recording.^[59] Work began in 1966 and took nine months.^[threescore] Garfunkel considered the recording of "Scarborough Fair" to exist the point at which they stepped into the office of producer, as they were constantly beside engineer Roy Halee mixing.^[sixty] Parsley, Sage, Rosemary and Thyme was issued in October 1966, following the release of several singles and sold-out college campus shows.^[61] The duo resumed their college excursion bout xi days later, crafting an prototype that was described as "alienated", "weird", and "poetic".^[62] Manager Mort Lewis as well was responsible for this public perception, as he withheld them from telly appearances unless they were allowed to play an uninterrupted set or cull the setlist.^[62] Simon, and so 26, felt he had "made information technology" into an upper echelon of rock and coil while retaining artistic integrity; according to his biographer Marc Eliot, this made him "spiritually closer to Bob Dylan than to, say, Bobby Darin".^[63] The duo chose William Morris as their booking bureau afterwards a recommendation from Wally Amos, also a friend of Wilson's.^[63]

During the sessions for Parsley, Simon and Garfunkel recorded "A Hazy Shade of Winter"; it was released as a single, peaking at number 13 on the national charts.^[threescore] "At the Zoo", recorded for a single release in early 1967,^{[ description needed ]} charted at number 16.^[64] Simon began work for their next album around this time, telling High Fidelity he was no longer interested in singles.^[65] He developed writer's cake, which prevented the duo from releasing an anthology in 1967.^[66] Many other successful artists at the time were expected to release two or three albums each year, and the lack of productivity worried Columbia executives.^[65] Amid concerns for Simon'due south credible idleness, Columbia Records chairman Clive Davis arranged for up-and-coming producer John Simon to kick-start the recording.^[67] Simon was distrustful of label executives; on 1 occasion, he and Garfunkel recorded a meeting with Davis, who was giving a "fatherly talk" on speeding up product, to laugh at it subsequently.^[68] The rare television set appearances at this time saw the duo performing on network broadcasts equally The Ed Sullivan Evidence, The Mike Douglas Show, and The Andy Williams Testify in 1966, and twice on The Smothers Brothers One-act Hour in 1967.^{[ citation needed ]}

Meanwhile, director Mike Nichols, then filming The Graduate, had go fascinated with Simon & Garfunkel's records, listening to them extensively earlier and afterwards filming.^[69] He met Davis to ask for permission to license Simon & Garfunkel music for his film. Davis viewed it as a perfect fit and envisioned a bestselling soundtrack anthology.^[63] Simon was non every bit receptive and was cautious of "selling out". However, afterwards meeting Nichols and beingness impressed by his wit and the script, he agreed to write new songs for the film.^[63] Leonard Hirshan, a powerful agent at William Morris, negotiated a deal that paid Simon $25,000 to submit three songs to Nichols and producer Lawrence Turman.^[70] When Nichols was not impressed by Simon'southward songs "Punky's Dilemma" and "Overs", Simon and Garfunkel offered some other, incomplete song, which became "Mrs. Robinson"; Nichols loved it.^[seventy]

1967–1968: Studio fourth dimension and low profile [edit]

Simon & Garfunkel's fourth studio album, Bookends, was recorded in fits and starts from late 1966 to early 1968. Although the album had long been planned, work did not begin in earnest until tardily 1967.^[71] The duo were signed under an older contract that specified the label pay for sessions,^[68] and Simon & Garfunkel took advantage of this, hiring viola and brass players and percussionists.^[72] The record's brevity reflects its curtailed and perfectionist production; the team spent over l hours recording "Punky's Dilemma", for example, and rerecorded song parts, sometimes note by note, until they were satisfied.^[73] Garfunkel's songs and vocalism took a lead role on some of the songs, and the harmonies for which the duo was known gradually disappeared. For Simon, Bookends represented the cease of the collaboration and became an early on indicator of his intentions to go solo.^[74]

Prior to release, the band helped put together and performed at the Monterey Popular Festival, which signaled the beginning of the Summer of Love on the West Coast.^[75] "Fakin' It" was issued as a single that summertime and plant but pocket-size success on AM radio; the duo were much more focused on the rising FM format, which played anthology tracks and treated their music with respect.^[76] In Jan 1968, the duo appeared on a Kraft Music Hall special, Three for Tonight, performing x songs, largely taken from their previous album.^[77] Bookends was released past Columbia Records in April 1968, 24 hours before the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr., which spurred nationwide outrage and riots.^[78] The album debuted on the Billboard Top LPs in the issue dated April 27, 1968, climbing to number 1 and staying at that position for seven non-consecutive weeks; information technology remained on the chart as a whole for 66 weeks.^[75] Bookends received such heavy orders weeks in accelerate of its release that Columbia was able to apply for honor certification before copies left the warehouse, a fact it touted in magazine ads. The album became the duo's bestselling to date, helped by the attention for the Graduate soundtrack ten weeks earlier, creating an initial combined sales effigy of over five one thousand thousand units.^[79]

Davis had predicted this, and suggested raising the list price of Bookends by 1 dollar to $five.79, in a higher place the and then standard retail price, to compensate for a large poster included in vinyl copies.^{[79] [lxxx]} Simon scoffed and viewed it as charging a premium on "what was certain to exist that year's acknowledged Columbia album". According to biographer Marc Eliot, Davis was "offended past what he perceived as their lack of gratitude for what he believed was his role in turning them into superstars".^[79] Rather than implement Davis' plan, Simon & Garfunkel signed a contract extension with Columbia that guaranteed them a college royalty rate.^[79] At the 1969 Grammy Awards, the atomic number 82 single "Mrs. Robinson" became the beginning rock and roll song to receive Tape of the Year, and also won Best Contemporary Pop Performance by a Duo or Grouping.^[81]

1969–1970: Growing autonomously and concluding album [edit]

Bookends, alongside the Graduate soundtrack, made Simon & Garfunkel the biggest rock duo in the world.^[79] Simon was approached by producers to write music for films or license songs; he turned down Franco Zeffirelli, who was preparing to film Brother Sun, Sis Moon, and John Schlesinger, who was preparing to film Midnight Cowboy.^[79] In addition to Hollywood proposals, Simon declined a request past producers from the Broadway show Jimmy Shine (starring Simon's friend Dustin Hoffman, also the lead in Midnight Cowboy).^[82] He collaborated briefly with Leonard Bernstein on a sacred mass before withdrawing from the project due to "finding it perchance besides far afield from his comfort zone".^[82]

Garfunkel began acting, and played Helm Nately in the Nichols film Catch-22 (1970). Simon was to play the character of Dunbar, but screenwriter Buck Henry felt the film was already crowded with characters and wrote Simon'southward part out.^{[83] [84]} Filming began in Jan 1969 and lasted about eight months, longer than expected.^{[85] [86]} The production endangered the duo'south relationship;^[84] Simon had completed no new songs, and the duo planned to collaborate after filming concluded.^[84] Post-obit the finish of filming in October, the showtime operation of what was planned to be their last tour took place in Ames, Iowa.^[87] The Usa leg of the bout ended in the sold-out Carnegie Hall on Nov 27.^{[88] [89]} Meanwhile, the duo, working with manager Charles Grodin, produced an hourlong CBS special, Songs of America, a mixture of scenes featuring notable political events and leaders concerning the US, such as the Vietnam War, Martin Luther Male monarch Jr., John F. Kennedy's funeral procession, Cesar Chavez and the Poor People's March. It was broadcast simply once, due to tension at the network regarding its content.^{[ninety] [91]} It was reported that "one million viewers responded by turning the dial and watching the figure skating on NBC instead."^[92]

Bridge over Troubled Water, Simon & Garfunkel's terminal studio album, was released in Jan 1970 and charted in over 11 countries, topping the charts in 10, including the Billboard Top LP's chart in the U.s. and the U.k. Albums Chart.^{[93] [94]} It was the best-selling album in 1970, 1971 and 1972 and was at that time the best-selling album of all fourth dimension.^[95] Information technology was also CBS Records' acknowledged anthology earlier the release of Michael Jackson's Thriller in 1982.^[96] The album topped the Billboard charts for 10 weeks and stayed in the charts for 85 weeks.^[95] In the United Kingdom, the album topped the charts for 35 weeks, and spent 285 weeks in the top 100, from 1970 to 1975.^[95] Information technology has since sold over 25 million copies worldwide.^{[97] [98]} "Span over Troubled Water", the atomic number 82 single, reached number one in 5 countries and became the duo's biggest seller.^[15] The vocal has been covered by over 50 artists,^[99] including Elvis Presley, Johnny Greenbacks, Aretha Franklin, Jim Nabors, Charlotte Church building, Maynard Ferguson, Willie Nelson, Roy Orbison, Michael W. Smith, Josh Groban, and The Mormon Tabernacle Choir.^[100] "Cecilia", the follow-up, reached number iv in the US, and "El Condor Pasa" hit number eighteen.^[15] A brief British bout followed the album release, and the duo's concluding concert equally Simon & Garfunkel took place at Forest Hills Stadium.^[101] In 1971, the anthology won six awards at the 13th Annual Grammy Awards, including Anthology of the Yr.^[102]

1971–1990: Breakdown, rifts, and reunions [edit]

The recording of Bridge over Troubled Water was difficult, and Simon and Garfunkel's relationship had deteriorated. "At that point, I merely wanted out," Simon subsequently said.^[103] At the urging of his wife, Peggy Harper, Simon called Davis to confirm the duo's breakdown.^[104] For the next several years, they spoke only two or three times a year.^[105]

In the 1970s, the duo reunited several times. Their first reunion was Together for McGovern, a benefit concert for presidential candidate George McGovern at New York's Madison Square Garden in June 1972.^[xv] In 1975, they reconciled when they visited a recording session with John Lennon and Harry Nilsson.^[106] For the rest of the year, they attempted to make the reunion work, but their collaboration just yielded one song, "My Petty Town", that was featured on Simon's All the same Crazy After All These Years and Garfunkel's Breakaway, both released in 1975.^[106] The song peaked at number nine on the Hot 100. In 1975, Garfunkel joined Simon for a medley of three songs on Sabbatum Dark Live, guest-hosted by Simon.^[107] In 1977, Garfunkel joined Simon for a brief performance of their one-time songs on The Paul Simon Special, and later that twelvemonth they recorded a cover of Sam Cooke's "(What a) Wonderful World" with James Taylor.^[15] Old tensions appeared to misemploy upon Garfunkel's render to New York in 1978, when the duo began interacting more often.^[105] On May 1, 1978, Simon joined Garfunkel for a concert held at Carnegie Hall to do good the hearing disabled.^[108]

The group performing in the netherlands in 1982

By 1980, the duo'due south solo careers were non doing well.^[105] To help alleviate New York's economic decline, concert promoter Ron Delsener suggested a free concert in Central Park.^[109] Delsener contacted Simon with the thought of a Simon & Garfunkel reunion, and in one case Garfunkel had agreed, plans were made.^[110] The concert, held on September 19, 1981, attracted more than 500,000 people, at that fourth dimension the largest always concert attendance.^[15] Warner Bros. Records released a alive album of the evidence, The Concert in Central Park, which went double platinum in the U.s.a..^[15] A 90-minute recording of the concert was sold to Habitation Box Office (HBO) for over $1 million.^[111] The concert created a renewed interest in Simon & Garfunkel's work.^[112] They had several "heart-to-center talks", attempting to put their disagreements behind them.^[105] The duo undertook a earth tour get-go in May 1982, but their relationship grew contentious; for the majority of the tour, they did not speak to one another.^[113]

Warner Bros. pushed for the duo to extend the tour and release a new studio anthology.^[113] Simon had new fabric set, and, according to Simon, "Artie made a persuasive case that he could make it into a natural duo tape."^[114] However, the duo quarrelled again; Garfunkel refused to learn the songs in the studio and would not give up his longstanding cannabis and cigarette habits, despite Simon'southward requests.^[115] Instead, the material became Simon'south 1983 album Hearts and Bones.^[15] A spokesperson said: "Paul simply felt the material he wrote is so close to his own life that it had to be his ain record. Art was hoping to be on the anthology, but I'1000 sure there will be other projects that they volition work on together."^[115] Some other rift opened when the lengthy recording of Simon's 1986 anthology Graceland prevented Garfunkel from working with engineer Roy Halee on his Christmas album The Animals' Christmas (1985).^[116] In 1986, Simon said he and Garfunkel remained friends and got on well, "like when nosotros were x years erstwhile", when they were not working together.^[114]

1990–2018: Awards and concluding tour [edit]

In 1990, Simon and Garfunkel were inducted into the Stone and Roll Hall of Fame. Garfunkel thanked Simon, calling him "the person who nigh enriched my life by putting those songs through me"; Simon responded, "Arthur and I concord well-nigh almost nada. Only information technology's true, I have enriched his life quite a bit." Later performing iii songs, the duo left without speaking. In August 1991, Simon staged his own concert in Fundamental Park, released as a live album, Paul Simon's Concert in the Park, a few months later. He declined an offer from Garfunkel to perform with him at the park.^[117]

"We are indescribable. You lot'll never capture it. It's an ingrown, deep friendship. Yes, in that location is deep love in there. Only there's as well shit."

– Garfunkel describing his decades-long relationship with Simon^[118]

Past 1993, the relationship had thawed, and Simon invited Garfunkel on an international bout.^[119] Following a sold-out 21-appointment run at the Paramount Theater in New York and an appearance at that year'south Bridge School Benefit in California, they toured the Far East.^[xv] They became acrimonious over again for the rest of the decade.^[15] Simon thanked Garfunkel at his 2001 consecration into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a solo creative person: "I regret the catastrophe of our friendship. I hope that some day earlier we die we will make peace with each other," adding after a pause, "No rush."^[15]

In 2003, Simon and Garfunkel received a Lifetime Accomplishment Award at the 45th Annual Grammy Awards, for which the promoters convinced them to open with a performance of "The Sound of Silence". The performance was satisfying for both, and they planned a full-calibration reunion tour. The Old Friends tour began in Oct 2003 and played to sold-out audiences across the United states for 40 dates until mid-December,^[120] earning an estimated $123 million.^[121] A second U.s. leg commenced in June 2004, consisting of xx cities. Following a 12-city run in Europe in 2004, they ended their nine-month tour with a free concert along Via dei Fori Imperiali, in front of the Colosseum in Rome, on July 31, 2004. It attracted 600,000 fans, more than than their Concert in Central Park. In 2005, Simon and Garfunkel performed three songs for a Hurricane Katrina benefit concert in Madison Square Garden, including a operation with vocaliser Aaron Neville.^[122]

The duo at the 2010 New Orleans Jazz and Heritage Festival^[118]

In February 2009, Simon and Garfunkel reunited for three songs during Simon'southward two-night engagement at New York'due south Beacon Theatre. This led to a reunion tour of Asia and Commonwealth of australia in June and July 2009.^[121] On October 29, 2009, they performed five songs at the 25th Ceremony Stone and Roll Hall of Fame Concert at Madison Square Garden. In Jan 2010, Garfunkel developed vocal problems following damage to his vocal cords as the result of an incident in which he had briefly choked on a piece of lobster.^[123] Their headlining fix several months subsequently at the 2010 New Orleans Jazz and Heritage Festival was difficult for Garfunkel. "I was terrible, and crazy nervous. I leaned on Paul Simon and the affection of the oversupply," he told Rolling Rock several years later.^[118] Garfunkel was diagnosed with song cord paresis, and the remaining tour dates were cancelled. However, the two reunited ii months afterwards to perform "Mrs. Robinson" at an American Film Institute Life Accomplishment Award tribute to managing director Mike Nichols, their final performance together.^[123] Garfunkel's director, John Scher, informed Simon'south camp that Garfunkel would exist fix within a yr, which did non happen, dissentious relations betwixt the two. Simon continued to publicly wish Garfunkel better health and praised his "angelic" vocalization. Garfunkel regained his vocal strength over the course of the next four years, performing shows in a Harlem theater and to hole-and-corner audiences.^[118]

In 2014, Garfunkel told Rolling Stone that he believed he and Simon would tour once more, but said: "I know that audiences all over the world like Simon and Garfunkel. I'm with them. Only I don't think Paul Simon'due south with them."^[118] In a 2015 interview with The Daily Telegraph, Garfunkel said: "How can you walk abroad from this lucky place on top of the earth, Paul? What's going on with you, you idiot? How could you let that go, wiggle?"^[124] Asked most a reunion in 2016, Simon said: "Quite honestly, we don't go along. And then it's not like it'southward fun. If it was fun, I'd say, OK, sometimes we'll become out and sing old songs in harmony. That's cool. But when it's non fun, you know, and you're going to be in a tense situation, well, then I have a lot of musical areas that I similar to play in. So that'll never happen again. That'southward that."^[125] In February 2018, Simon announced his retirement from touring.^[126]

Musical style and legacy [edit]

Over the course of their career, Simon & Garfunkel'southward music gradually moved from a basic folk rock audio to contain more experimental elements for the fourth dimension, including Latin and gospel music.^[1] Their music, according to Rolling Rock, struck a chord amongst lonely, alienated young adults almost the stop of the decade.^[127]

Simon & Garfunkel received criticism at the height of their success. In 1968, Rolling Stone critic Arthur Schmidt described their music as "questionable ... information technology exudes a sense of process, and it is slick, and nothing too much happens."^[128] New York Times critic Robert Shelton said that the duo had "a kind of Mickey Mouse, timid, contrived" approach.^[129] According to Richie Unterberger of AllMusic, their clean sound and muted lyricism "cost them some hipness points during the psychedelic era ... the pair inhabited the more than polished terminate of the folk-rock spectrum and was sometimes criticized for a certain collegiate sterility."^[one] He noted that some critics regard Simon's afterward solo work as superior to Simon & Garfunkel.^[1]

According to Pitchfork, though Simon & Garfunkel were a highly regarded folk act "distinguished by their intuitive harmonies and Paul Simon's articulate songwriting", they were more conservative than the folk music revivalists of Greenwich Hamlet.^[130] Past the late 1960s, they had get the "folk establishment ... primarily unthreatening and attainable, which forty years later makes them an ideal gateway act to the weirder, harsher, more circuitous folkies of the 60s counterculture".^[131] However, their later albums explored more ambitious production techniques and incorporated elements of gospel, stone, R&B, and classical, revealing a "voracious musical vocabulary".^[130]

In 2003, Rolling Stone 's 500 Greatest Albums of All Fourth dimension list included Bridge over Troubled Water at number 51,^[132] Parsley, Sage, Rosemary and Thyme at number 201,^[133] Bookends at number 233,^[134] and Greatest Hits at number 293.^[135] And in 2004, on their 500 Greatest Songs of All Time list, Rolling Stone included "Bridge Over Troubled Water" at number 47, "The Boxer" at number 105, and "The Sound of Silence" at number 156.^[136]

Awards [edit]

Grammy Awards

The Grammy Awards are held annually by the National University of Recording Arts and Sciences. Simon & Garfunkel have won 9 full competitive awards, 4 Hall of Fame awards, and a Lifetime Achievement Award.^[102]

Other recognition

• Awit Awards (1969) – Single of the Yr Strange Partitioning (for "The Sound of Silence")
• Awit Awards (1969) – Album of the Twelvemonth Foreign Division (for The Graduate)
• Brit Awards (1977) – International Anthology (for Bridge over Troubled Water)
• Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (1990) – Inductee
• Vocal Group Hall of Fame (2006) – Inductee

Discography [edit]

Studio albums [edit]

• Wednesday Morning, iii A.Thou. (1964)
• Sounds of Silence (1966)
• Parsley, Sage, Rosemary and Thyme (1966)
• Bookends (1968)
• Bridge over Troubled Water (1970)

Live albums [edit]

• The Concert in Central Park (1982)
• Live from New York City, 1967 (2002)
• Old Friends: Alive on Stage (2004)
• Live 1969 (2008)

Soundtracks [edit]

• The Graduate (1968, with Dave Grusin)

Compilation albums [edit]

• Simon and Garfunkel'south Greatest Hits (1972)
• The Simon and Garfunkel Collection: 17 of Their All-Time Greatest Recordings (1981)
• Tales from New York: The Very Best of Simon & Garfunkel (2000)
• The Essential Simon and Garfunkel (2003)

Box sets [edit]

• Nerveless Works (1981)
• Old Friends (1997)
• The Columbia Studio Recordings (1964–1970) (2001)
• The Collection: Simon & Garfunkel (2007)
• Simon & Garfunkel: The Complete Albums Collection (2014)

References [edit]

1. ^ ^{a b c d e} Richie Unterberger. "Simon & Garfunkel – All Music Guide". AllMusic . Retrieved September 22, 2014.
2. ^ "Simon & Garfunkel, Bookends". Allmusic . Retrieved August 22, 2015.
3. ^ "Episodes: Paul Simon". American Masters. PBS. Feb 26, 2001. Retrieved Dec 6, 2009.
4. ^ Rebecca Raber (September 19, 2011). "Hive V: Big Concerts With Big Draws". MTV. Archived from the original on September 24, 2011. Retrieved April 3, 2015.
5. ^ Dwyer, Jim (July 23, 2008). "Great Backyard: A Bubble of History Bursts". New York Times.
6. ^ "The BRITs 1977". October 18, 1977. Retrieved July xvi, 2012.
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9. ^ "20 Greatest Duos of All Fourth dimension". Rolling Rock. December 17, 2015. Retrieved September six, 2020.
10. ^ Claudia Gryvatz Copquin (2007). The Neighborhoods of Queens. Yale University Printing. p. 119. ISBN978-0300112993.
11. ^ ^{a b} David Browne (2012). Fire and Pelting: The Beatles, Simon and Garfunkel, James Taylor, CSNY, and the Bloodshot Story Of 1970. Da Capo Printing. p. 31. ISBN9780306822131.
12. ^ Pete Fornatale (October 30, 2007). Simon and Garfunkel's Bookends. Rodale. pp. 16–18. ISBN9781594864278.
13. ^ ^{a b} Pete Fornatale (October 30, 2007). Simon and Garfunkel's Bookends. Rodale. p. 19. ISBN9781594864278.
14. ^ Timothy White (2009). Long Ago And Far Away: James Taylor – His Life And Music. Passenger vehicle Printing. p. 189. ISBN9780857120069.
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17. ^ Marc Eliot (2010). Paul Simon: A Life . John Wiley & Sons. p. 18. ISBN978-0-470-43363-8.
18. ^ ^{a b} David Browne (2012). Fire and Rain: The Beatles, Simon and Garfunkel, James Taylor, CSNY, and the Bittersweet Story Of 1970. Da Capo Press. p. 32. ISBN9780306822131.
19. ^ Marc Eliot (2010). Paul Simon: A Life . John Wiley & Sons. p. 21. ISBN978-0-470-43363-8.
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73. ^ Gilliland, John (1969). "Show 46 - Sergeant Pepper at the Meridian: The very best of a very good year" (sound). Pop Chronicles. University of North Texas Libraries. Track 4.
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75. ^ ^{a b} Bookends (2001 Remaster) (liner notes). Simon & Garfunkel. U.s.a.: Columbia Records. 2001. CK 66003. {{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
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Bibliography [edit]

• Bennighof, James (2007). The Words and Music of Paul Simon. Greenwood Publishing Grouping. ISBN978-0-275-99163-0.
• Browne, David (2012). Fire and Pelting: The Beatles, Simon and Garfunkel, James Taylor, CSNY, and the Lost Story Of 1970 . Da Capo Press. ISBN978-0-306-82072-4.
• Charlesworth, Chris (1997). "Bridge Over Troubled Water". The Complete Guide to the Music of Paul Simon and Simon & Garfunkel. Omnibus Press. ISBN978-0-7119-5597-4.
• Ebel, Roswitha (2004). Paul Simon: seine Musik, sein Leben [Paul Simon: His Music, His Life] (in German). epubli. ISBN978-3-937729-00-8.
• Eliot, Marc (2010). Paul Simon: A Life . John Wiley and Sons. ISBN978-0-470-43363-8.
• Fornatale, Pete (2007). Simon and Garfunkel'southward Bookends. Rodale. ISBN978-ane-59486-427-8.
• Humphries, Patrick (1982). Bookends: The Simon and Garfunkel Story. Proteus Books. ISBN978-0-86276-063-2.
• Kingston, Victoria (2000). Simon & Garfunkel: The Biography. Fromm International. ISBN978-0-88064-246-0.

External links [edit]

• Official website
• Simon & Garfunkel interviewed on the Popular Chronicles (1969)
• Simon & Garfunkel discography at Discogs

minorlify1942.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_&_Garfunkel

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